Socialist Concepts in The Jungle by Upton Sinclair Essay

Socialist Concepts in The Jungle by Upton Sinclair The beginning of the book starts out at Jurgis and Ona’s wedding, or more specifically, the after party. This scene establishes how these two main characters look, and how they and the rest of the characters act. Jurgis is a big man with thick black hair that goes nearly to his eyes. He is very muscular and well built. Ona is a small woman; her whole body is able to disappear in Jurgis’s arms. She is soft-spoken, little in appearance and in personality. Cousin Marija is a big woman; she is established in the first part of the book as a very pushy and loud person. At the after-ceremony of the weeding, there is much food, drink and fun. It is tradition that the family pays for†¦show more content†¦At the beginning, only Jurgis worked, he would not have Ona working. It was not long until it was realized that she would have to work, along with the children and the old and the sick. Everyone would have to work in order to keep alive, in order to feed each other and keep warm in the winter. The difficulty of finding a job in Packingtown was hard enough. The characters also had to walk to work everyday, often in below zero temperatures. The book also describes the process of â€Å"speeding up†. Men would have to work at a pace unthinkable to modern society. People were literally worked to death. There were always accidents at work and dying was not unusual. The book also describes the horrible processes of the meat packing industry. Nothing is â€Å"clean† about the business. †¦the beef had lain in vats full of chemicals, and men with great forks speared it out and dumped it into trucks, to be taken to the cooking room. When they had speared out all they could reach, they emptied the vat on the floor, and then with shovels scraped up the balance and dumped it in to the truck. This floor was filthy, yet they set Antanas with his mop slopping the â€Å"pickle† into a hold that connected with a sink, where it was caught and used over again forever; and ifShow MoreRelatedA Blatant Agenda1280 Words   |  6 Pagestheir cause. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair is a prominent example of this phenomena. Hailing from the early 20th century, The Jungle addresses the poor working conditions in which the emigrant workers of the time would labor, working up to what equates to a socialist rant at the end of the novel. Upton Sinclairs political biases in The Jungle are in no way cleverly tied into the story, in fact, Sinclair egregiously abused the plot of the novel as a tool to mercilessly drive the socialist agenda into theRead MoreSocialism in The Jungle1715 Words   |  7 PagesSocialism in â€Å"The Jungle† By Tyler Dobson Sinclair’s  The Jungle  is a novel that tends to advocate for socialism as a remedy for the evils of capitalism that has dominated a society. Upton Sinclair’s piece was written in 1906, at a time when many European immigrants had migrated to the United States with the hope of becoming prosperous in their lives. However, their expectations were not met as some of them ended up being unemployed and those who managed to get jobs like Jurgis Rudkus inRead MoreEssay on Uptian Sinclair And Socialism2267 Words   |  10 Pages Upton Sinclair and Socialism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Socialism has always been hard for me to understand. I never really grasped the concept of it until I read the book The Jungle and began to research for this paper. Before I begin I would like to go through a condensed version of the history of Socialism. It was founded in 1901 in Indianapolis, Indiana. Two groups came together to form the Socialists, the Social Democratic Party and the â€Å"Kangaroo† wing of the older Socialist Labor PartyRead MoreThe Various Sources of Evils in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, by Chelsea Franks1155 Words   |  5 Pagestitle, â€Å"The Jungle† (Upton Sinclair. The Jungle. New York: Barnes and Noble Classics, 2005), when dissected after having read it, denotes Upton Sinclair’s view of the time period, where Capitalism was the corrupted script for people’s lives rather than Socialism. Throughout the course of the book Upton Sinclair explores, in depth, the evils levied upon stockyard workers, as a result of Capitalism, to include family and immigration, while narrowly serving his own agenda of pushing the concept of SocialismRead MoreSocialism in The Jungle Essay1109 Words   |  5 PagesThe Jungle The Rudkus family arrived from Lithuania to find Chicago as a city in which justice and honor, womens bodies and mens souls, were for sale in the marketplace, and human beings writhed and fought and fell upon each other like wolves in the pit, in which lusts were raging fires, and men were fuel, and humanity was festering and stewing and wallowing in its own corruption. (Pg.165) The city, during the time span of the novel, was truly a jungle-like society in which Upton SinclairRead MoreThe Jungle by Upton Sinclair: Fame for the Wrong Reason Essay2798 Words   |  12 Pagesin Packingtown, the meatpacking district of Chicago. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle portrays life through the eyes of a poor workingman struggling to survive in this cruel, tumultuous environment, where the desire for profit among the capitalist meatpacking bosses and the criminals makes the lives of the working class a nearly unendurable struggle for survival. The novel The Jungle is a hybrid of history, li terature, and propaganda. Sinclair, a muckraking journalist of the early 1900s exposed toRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle Essay1471 Words   |  6 PagesUpton Sinclair took interest in fiction at an early age by writing fiction stories as a young boy to writing adventure stories and jokes to help support himself through college. He was the winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943 and focused on writing fiction stories about real world industrialist views. Upton Sinclair’s fiction â€Å"The Jungle† entwines the reality of the dangerous and legal conditions of meat industry workers and consumers in Chicago while narrating the lower-class lifestyleRead MoreUpton Sinclair s The Jungle2164 Words   |  9 Pagesexpense of those left with nothing at the bottom. The book’s author, Upton Sinclair, sought to show America the cost of its capitalist system. Born into a poor family with wealthy relatives, Sinclair was aware of social and economic disparity in America from a young age (The Jungle v). The Jungle is the result of Upton Sinclair working undercover for seven weeks in Chicago’s meatpacking industry in 1904, as well as the socialist sentiments which he had developed over the past few years of his lifeRead MoreThe Effects Of Immigration On The United States3647 Words   |  15 Pagesendless opportunities, a concept known as the American Dream. Unfortunately once the immigrants arrived, their lives were filled with suffering caused by large capitalist businesses. Thus, the promise of an American Dream for any immigrant family was impossible to achieve. Some authors, known as muckrakers, disapproved of capitalistic businesses of the time period. One muckraker, Upton Sinclair, proposed the solution of a socialist society for America in his book, The Jungle, in order to destroy theRead More The Jungle: A Close Examination Essay2731 Words   |  11 Pagesthe soul grow sick and faint. (363)The Jungle, considered Upton Sinclai r’s greatest achievement, shows the deplorable conditions in meat packing plants, as well as moving the reader on the path to socialism, something in which he truly believed in. In order for Sinclair to give accurate details in the book, he spent over a year researching and writing about the conditions on the meat packing plants in Chicago. This first hand experience allowed for Sinclair to see the plight of the â€Å"wage-slaves

Influence Of Chuck Berry On The Development Of Rock Roll

The influence of Chuck Berry on the development of rock roll. †¨ A great analogy that I came across while doing some reading and research for this paper was â€Å"If Elvis Presley cracked open the door for rock roll, Chuck Berry kicked it wide open† (Rock Roll Hall of Fame). I believe that this is a great way to visualize how great of an influence Elvis Presley was and just how great Chuck Berry was on rock and roll in comparison to him. To me think about that is just mind-blowing. I truly believe after working on this paper that Chuck Berry was one of the most popular and influential performers of all time in the genres of rhythm-and-blues as well as rock n roll. All this had taken place during the 1950s on through the 1970s. He s†¦show more content†¦(Rock Roll Hall of Fame) Shortly after all that Chuck Berry was very quick to follow with a bundle of other unique singles that seemed to continue to mold out what appeared to be the new genre of rock n rol l. These single included Roll Over, Beethoven, Too Much Monkey Business and Brown-Eyed Handsome Man, these are just a few songs among many others. Chuck Berry had managed to â€Å"achieve crossover appeal with white youths without alienating his black fans by mixing blues and RB sounds with storytelling that spoke to the universal themes of youth† (Encyclopedia of World Biography). In the late 1950s, songs like Johnny B. Goode, Sweet Little Sixteen and Carol had all made the Top 10 chart of pop music by accomplishing the equal popularity with youths on both sides of the racial divide (Biography.com. AE Networks Television). I made records for people who would buy them, Berry said. No color, no ethnic, no political I don t want that, never did. (Rolling Stone) Chuck Berry at this point had a climbing music career that would eventually have a great decline in 1961. He had been convicted under the â€Å"Mann Act† because he was illegally transporting woman across state lines for immoral purposes. (Rock Roll Hall of Fame). What would have been three years earlier, in 1958, Chuck Berry had opened his own Club Bandstand. He did this in what was a predominantly white business district of downtown St. Louis. That next year, whileShow MoreRelatedMusic From Its Lyrics, Beats, And The Artist1218 Words   |  5 Pagescorruption. Although Music has been around for centuries, the development and origin of certain genres are still being a challenge. During the time of segregation and integration times were tough It took both races a while to adjust to the abundant change of equality for all. One of the tools that helped ease this transition was music. Music had the strong ability to touch all types of people, of all ages of all skin tones. Mus icians like Chuck Berry the Famous group The Beatles was able to bring youngRead MoreRock And Roll Or Roll1549 Words   |  7 PagesShake and roll (frequently composed as rock and roll or shake n roll) is a classification of mainstream music that started and developed in the United States amid the late 1940s and mid 1950s,[1][2] from a mix of African-American sorts, for example, soul, boogie-woogie, hop soul, jazz, and gospel music,[3] together with Western swing and nation music.[4] Though components of rock and roll can be heard in soul records from the 1920s[5] and in nation records of the 1930s,[4] the class did not obtainRead MoreThe Musical Influences On The Beatles : The Beatles1644 Words   |  7 Pages Cynthia Leon Music 12 Dr. Michael Zilber The Beatles The Beatles are an English rock band that became one of the most iconic bands in history. All four of the band members of the Beatles John Lennon, George Harrison, Paul McCartney and Ring Starr were born in Liverpool in the early 1940’s. During this time England was in the midst of WWII and they were deemed as â€Å"war babies†. The shambles that England was left in cultivated skiffle from the U.S. which was a form of music that made it fairly easyRead MoreTaking a Look at the British Invasion775 Words   |  3 Pagesthrough 1966, which contains British rock and roll development. Many of the Americans greatest rock and roll musicians such as Little Richard, Chuck Berry, and Elvis Presley and many great musicians influenced this movement during that time. The initiation of the British music scene completely gained the traditional instruments, overused lyrics, and established music forms. There are two different schools with two different sounds categorize this amazing t ime of influence, which is now known as the BritishRead MoreRock And Roll : Rock Roll1169 Words   |  5 Pages10962 Homework # 2 Rock Roll Rock music has come a long way since its development in the early 20th century. The genre, defined â€Å"as a merger between rhythmblues and country† (Scaruffi, The History of Rock Music:1955-1966), started out more as an underground market, but ended up becoming a significant aspect of American popular music history. Rock-n-Roll music produce many legendary artists who will forever be known as innovators of the genre. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were some of the manyRead MoreBand Music : Rock And Roll Music1383 Words   |  6 PagesRock and Rolls Music The United States is the origin of rock and roll music. It evolved as a popular music in the 1940’s and 1950’s from a combination of Afro-American genres such as jazz, blues, country music, gospel music. Rock and roll music has some elements that are evident in blues and country music of 1920’s. However, Rock music attained its status and name in 1950’s. Saxophone and Piano were the first instruments to be used in the performance of rock and roll music but were later supplementedRead MoreThe Day Was September 5th 19541788 Words   |  8 Pagesaltering. Rock N’ Roll was born on this night, and this man was dubbed the â€Å"creator† of it, that man’s name was, Elvis Presley. â€Å"Rock and/N’ Roll† is a term coined originally by Alan Freed to describe up beat, higher paced music played by some of the popular African American RB groups of the early 1950’s (Hellmann, 2014). Freed was a DJ (Disc Jockey) during this era and was largely responsible with introducing RB music to the white audience (Hellmann, 2014). What exactly is â€Å"Rock N’ Roll†? Well theRead MoreEssay The History of Rock and Roll1033 Words   |  5 PagesRock music has come a long way since its development in the early 20th century. The genre, defined â€Å"as a merger between rhythmblues and country† (Scaruffi, The History of Rock Music:1955-1966), started out more as an underground market, but ended up becoming a significant aspect of American popular music history. Rock-n-Roll music produce many legendary artists who will for ever be known as innovators of the genre. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were some of the many artists in Rock-n-Roll wh o willRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesthis about blacks: â€Å"Through a combination of a historical narrative and popular media, Black identity has come to be socially constructed as negative inside and outside the classroom† (Childs 66). With school being a large part of early social development, it can be inferred that how blacks are seen in the classroom can be associated with how they are also seen outside the classroom. The Black Lives Matter movement has gained countless amounts of support due to the unrest in the black community.Read MoreChanges in Musical Styles Related to Changes in Human Society1637 Words   |  7 Pageswide range of events can influence the types of music that are popular during a given period in human history. For instance, Jarque (2012) notes that, Social and economic factors can influence the type of music by defining who plays it and who pays for it. Baroque music results from professional playe rs playing to an educated elite. Folk music is non-professionals playing to their peers (para. 3). Likewise, innovations in technology can have a major effect on the development of new musical styles

The Relationship Between Policy, Statutes, and Regulations in Environmental Law Free Essays

Environmental policy is the official stance or statement by a government or organization which provides a framework for its environmental objectives. (C2E2. org, 2011)The US Government Environmental policy is contained in the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA). We will write a custom essay sample on The Relationship Between Policy, Statutes, and Regulations in Environmental Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Congress declared under section 4331(a) of NEPA that it is â€Å"the continuing policy of the federal government†¦ to create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony, and to fulfill the social, economic, and other requirements of present and future generations of Americans. (U. S. Congress, 1969) Environmental statutes are the written will or act of the legislature with regard to expressing the stated environmental policy. (Lectric Law Library, 2011) NEPA functions in this capacity by enabling the EPA to promulgate regulations in order to set forth guidelines by which other agencies must comply in order to satisfy the intent of NEPA. Environmental regulations act as the forcing mechanism with which to gain compliance with the statute as set forth under the policy. Continuing to use NEPA as an example, the US Government environmental policy is contained in NEPA (the statute) which prescribes regulations that aim at protecting the environment. Most noteably, the EPA issued regulations regarding Environmental Impact Statements (EIS) and Environmental Assessments (AE) assess the possible environmental impacts of proposed government projects and there alternatives – and are required from all federal agencies. (US EPA, 2011) How to cite The Relationship Between Policy, Statutes, and Regulations in Environmental Law, Papers

Economic Performance Analysis Singapore †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Economic Performance Analysis Singapore? Answer: Introduction In the world economy, Singapore is considered as one of the fastest growing countries. This is one country the successfully devices free market policy. Government intervene only in areas where free armlet fails to work efficiently. The combi8nation of free market and government intervention together maintains a stable economic environment within the nation. Because of its small size, the country highly depends on the external sectors. Export has a notable contribution in national income. Present paper conducts a brief analysis of last ten years performance trend of Singaporean economy. Performance of some major economic indicators is evaluated. These include output performance, performance of labour market and finally stability in price level. Output performance analysis Real GDP, real GDP growth rate and per capita real GDP Other than gross domestic product (GDP) there is no better indicators that can trace overall output performance under a single measure. GDP is a composite measure that represents values of goods and services produced in an economy in the accounting year. GDP expresses these values in monetary terms. In order to know monetary values either the market prices of the ongoing year or market values of a fixed year is considered. GDP computed using fixed years market value is termed as real GDP (Mankiw, 2014).. Fixation of market price helps to offset the inflationary impact and thus presents the true picture of output in the economy. Percentage change in GDP is known as growth in output, which actually represent economic growth rate. Growth in real GDP is mostly used to capture real economic growth. Other than income and output, an important indicator of living standard of people in the economy is their average income. Average income is expressed as per capita GDP. Per capita GDP is comput ed by total national income by total population (Parente Prescott, 2015). Real GDP, growth in real GDP and per capita real GDP all are thus important for tracing output performance. Performance trend in Singapore Figure 1: GDP in Singapore (Source: tradingeconomics.com) Figure 2: Real GDP growth rate in Singapore (Source: data.worldbank.org) Figure 3: Per capita real GDP in Singapore (Source: data.worldbank.org) Real GDP in Singapore shows a progressive trend in the last ten years. The economy accounts a increase in GDP from 179.98 USD billion to 296.97 USD billion in 2016. Highest GDP in the last ten years is accounted in 2014, the GDP being 308.14 UDD billion. The boost in GDP is resulted from the nation initiatives to quickly recover from financial crisis took place in 2008. Singapore accounts nearly 0.48% of world GDP (Siddiqui, 2016). In terms of real GDP growth rate, Singapore stands as an instance to world economy, Growth rate though tumbled at times global recession in 2008 it quickly regained is growth trend. External sector in Singapore helps the economy a lot in becoming worlds fastest growing economy. Export of refined oil and electronic equipment are two important pillars of outstanding economic growth. This open economy with a business friendly environment attracts both foreign direct and portfolio investments. With rising GDP and more or less stable population, the per capita GDP in Singapore is either stable or growing overtime. The last recorded per capita income in Singapore in 2016 is 52600.60 US dollars (Tan Ho, 2015). Average income in Singapore is nearly 417 percent of the average recorded for the world. Government measure to boost output performance Government has two direct tool of affecting output either directly or indirectly. The direct policies of government to expand output of the nation are fiscal policy and monetary policy. Expansionary fiscal policy and ease monetary policy are appropriate policy choice of government while boosting overall output in the economy. Expansionary fiscal policy Increasing government expenditure is one way to increase nation GDP. Singaporean government increases its expenditure different fields. Infrastructure of an economy is important for attracting business investment and make progress in industrial development. In order to increase infrastructural expenditure government recently launches Resilience package (Tang, Liu Cheung, 2013). In Singapore, production driven growth is used as a tool of economic growth. To increase productivity investment has been made in education and training program. Expansionary Monetary Policy This includes increasing the supply of money in the economy. Money supply in Singapore has been increased with open market operation (Gallo, Hann Li, 2016). Increased money supply means increase in investible fund. When investment rises, then production in the economy rises and so is the output. Labour market analysis Unemployment trend based on unemployment rates The employment rate of Singapore based on seasonally adjusted stood 2.1 percent for the quarter ending June 2016. The rate of unemployment remained at the highest level ever since the end of December. In three months to June, the unemployment rate of Singapore fell down for inhabitants to 3.1 percent and for non-residents it fell down to 3.3 percent. In the first quarter of the year 2016 approximately three thousand five hundred workers were laid off (Pigou, 2013). The fall during the quarter is considered as broad based throughout the industries. The sum of employment declined to 7500, which is subordinate to the declining rate of 9400 in the previous quarter. The unemployment rate in Singapore averaged 2.45 percent from 2000 to 2106. Ever since the quarter of December 2010, the rate of unemployment in Singapore remained highest. Figure4: Unemployment trend in Singapore Source: (tradingeconomics.com) Unemployment and types of unemployment in an economy It is not possible to maintain a full employment condition in the economy. Some members in the labour market are unable to find jobs at the prevailing wage. This is captured by the rate of unemployment in the economy. There are a number of reasons leading to incidence of unemployment in the economy. Unemployment experienced because of some structural change is termed as structural unemployment. Unemployment due to seasonal factor is known as seasonal unemployment. Sometimes labourers in the economy are unemployed because of lack of technical skills resulting in technical unemployment. Another type of unemployment dominating in the economy is frictional unemployment (Keynes, 2016). Types of unemployment in the economy of Singapore: There are three most common types of unemployment in Singapore which are as follows cyclical, structural and frictional unemployment. Cyclical Unemployment: Cyclical unemployment in Singapore is majorly responsible for unemployment because Singapore is depended on the external sector for economic expansion (Georgellis, 2015). The overseas demand for Singapore electronic goods have fallen and companies manufacturing such goods faces lower demand. This forces firms to lower their cost of production by reducing the output and employment. Structural Unemployment: Globalization resulted in huge restructuring of Singapore which led to structural unemployment. It has changed to capital intensive from labour intensive economy and workers are required different skills (Taussig, 2013). Workforce with insufficient training to shift in different industry is laid off which results in structural unemployment. Frictional Unemployment: Frictional unemployment in Singapore happens because of the time consumed by citizens to locate new employment when they look for change or search another job (Georgellis, 2015). The formation and demolition of job results in time lag for those in search of employment or companies searching employees and this additionally results in frictional unemployment. Measures to achieve full employment To reinforce the domestic workers under the age of 40 looking for employment in the areas for professional, executives and technicians for being laid off for more than six months will be considered under the government scheme of career support programme (Frank et al., 2015). In an effort to achieve full employment the Singapore government has adopted policies to lower the frictional unemployment by introducing the schemes of Community Development Council (CDC). Furthermore, the workforce development agency offers employment search service and labour market information to assist the strong networking of companies. Price Level Analysis Description of inflation trend The CPI in Singapore rose by 0.5 percent in respect of the increase of 1.4 percent in the earlier month with below market census of 0.7 percent increase. The price for food and transport increased in the previous month and the cost housing declined. The prices for domestic durables rose at slower rate by 0.7 percent because of 1.4 percent in the supply of household service and supply (Sloman et al., 2013). The cost for health and care rose in the earlier month to 2.5 percent and was especially driven by 3.4 rise in medical service. Meanwhile, the price for miscellaneous goods and services rebounded to 0.2 percent from 0.1 percent which was particularly driven by 0.7 increase in the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. There was a 4.0 percent rise in the personal effects and 1.7 percent increase in miscellaneous expenses. Prices of food rose by 1.4 percent after an increase of 1.5 in the earlier month (Bernanke et al., 2015). The core consumer prices after excluding the cost of accommo dation and road transport increased by 1.5 percent following a rise of 1.6 in the month of May. Figure5: Inflation rate of Singapore Source: (tradingeconomics.com) Definition of inflation and typical causes of inflation Inflation is known as the percentage in values regarding the Wholesale Price Index on yearly basis. It measures the change in price of goods and service in a year (Argy Nevile, 2016). Causes of inflation Inflation is caused due to the demand and supply side of the economy. Demand-Pull Inflation: Demand pull inflation takes place due to the rising aggregate demand at an unsustainable rate leading to increase in the force scarce resources with positive gap of output (Ormerod et al., 2013). This inflation takes place when there is a rise in cost of capital due to rise in exchange rate and reduces the foreign price of domestic export . Cost-push inflation: Cost push inflation takes place because companies respond to the increasing cost by raising the cost to protect their profit margin. Cost push inflation takes place because of the increase in the cost of raw materials and other components. Furthermore, another reason for cost push inflation is the increasing cost of labour due to the increase in the wages. Causes of inflation in Singapore In Singapore, cost push inflation forms the most important causes of inflation. As the economy of Singapore is a small and open with little natural resources, it is largely reliant on the imports from other nations such as Malaysia or China and the export expenditure is three times more than the Singapores GDP (Ormerod et al., 2013). The inflation of Singapore is comprises of import inputs that pose the threat in depreciation of the Singapore dollar. This means that when the rate of inflation is higher in other nations, Singapore will bear greater cost of import that ultimately results in cost-push inflation. Government measures to attain stable price To achieve stable price and threat of inflation, Singapore government makes the use of polices to control the rate of exchange. The government uses such policy to keep the inflation cost at lower rate. The Singapore government uses foreign currency reserves to purchase domestic currency. These policies help in keeping the import price less expensive and lowering the effect of higher imports inflation. To reduce the demand-pull inflation Singapore government adopts polices of improving the workforce through quality development program. Conclusion The analysis made above shows a picture of economic progress in Singapore. All the Output indicators such as real GDP, Per capita real GDP, and growth in real GDP all are improving overtime in the economy. In addition, the economy successfully achieves its target of full employment and price level stability. Unemployment remains lower overtime with maintaining a moderate or low inflation rate. Instead of using the tool of direct money supply, the policy of exchange rate control is more appropriate in Singapore. Government designs suitable policies keeping in mind particular characteristic of the economy and attain highest level of success as indicated by different performance indicators. References Argy, V. E., Nevile, J. (Eds.). (2016).Inflation and Unemployment: Theory, Experience and Policy Making. Routledge. Bernanke, B., Antonovics, K. and Frank, R., 2015.Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://data.worldbank.org/country/singapore. Frank, R. H., Bernanke, B. S., LUI, H. K. (2015).Principles of economics. McGraw-Hill Asia. Gallo, L. A., Hann, R. N., Li, C. (2016). Aggregate earnings surprises, monetary policy, and stock returns.Journal of Accounting and Economics,62(1), 103-120. Georgellis, Y. (2015, January). Regional unemployment and employee organizational commitment. InAcademy of Management Proceedings(Vol. 2015, No. 1, p. 12430). Academy of Management. Keynes, J. M. (2016).General theory of employment, interest and money. Atlantic Publishers Dist. Mankiw, N. G. (2014).Principles of macroeconomics. Cengage Learning. Ormerod, P., Rosewell, B., Phelps, P. (2013). Inflation/unemployment regimes and the instability of the Phillips curve.Applied Economics,45(12), 1519-1531. Parente, S. L., Prescott, E. C. (2015) Parente, S. L., Prescott, E. C. (2015). Introduction to Quantitative Macroeconomic Theory. Pigou, A. C. (2013).Theory of unemployment. Routledge. Siddiqui, K. (2016). A study of Singapore as a developmental state. InChinese Global Production Networks in ASEAN(pp. 157-188). Springer International Publishing. Sloman, J., Norris, K., Garrett, D. (2013).Principles of economics. Pearson Higher Education AU. Tan, B. S., Ho, Y. K. (2015). Singapore as an accountancy hub-a Porter's Diamond perspective.International Journal of Business Competition and Growth,4(1-2), 44-56. Tang, H. C., Liu, P., Cheung, E. C. (2013). Changing impact of fiscal policy on selected ASEAN countries.Journal of Asian Economics,24, 103-116. Taussig, F. W. (2013).Principles of economics(Vol. 2). Cosimo, Inc.. Tradingeconomics.com. Retrieved 2 August 2017, from https://tradingeconomics.com/singapore/labor-force-participation-rate